Which of the following is a consequence of convergent plate boundaries?

Convergent plate boundaries occur where two tectonic plates move toward each other. This interaction is significant because it can lead to the formation of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, and volcanic activity. One of the primary consequences of these boundaries is volcanic eruptions, particularly in scenarios where one tectonic plate subducts beneath another. As the descending plate melts into the mantle, it generates magma that can lead to the formation of volcanoes, which may erupt explosively or effusively depending on various factors.

In contrast, seafloor spreading and the formation of ridges are primarily associated with divergent plate boundaries, where plates move apart. Therefore, while the other options relate to processes that occur in different tectonic settings, volcanic eruptions specifically result from the dynamics of convergent boundaries. This makes the fifth answer focused on volcanic activity the most accurate reflection of what occurs at convergent boundaries.